Sir Stamford Raffles lost no time after January 1819, when he landed on Singapore River among the orang laut, in bargaining with Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the Temenggong of Johor who then governed the place, having settled in 1811. (2016). (Call no. The Singapore River clean-up took 10 years and cost the Government $170 million The clean-up involved a massive relocation of about 4,000 squatters, along with hawkers and … While he did not insist on their immediate eviction, the owners were told not to spend any more money on their houses. (Call no. Oral History Department. (Call no. Port of Singapore Authority. (1994). Upon the founding ... Scotts Road is located in the central region of Singapore. (Call... 2. Singapore: MPH Magazines, p. 11. The Straits Times, p. 6. On the bright side, the Singapore River is such a romantic place you can bring your date to! Through lack of knowledge or foresight, the bridges were constructed too low and the river was too shallow for the demands that were to be made on its use. : RSING 959.57 HON-[HIS])22. (1994). There goes another rich part of Singapore history. Retrieved 2017, June 13 from Singapore Festival website: http://www.srf.sg/index.html47. The government then dredged foul-smelling mud from the banks and the bottom of the river, clearing the debris and other rubbish. Singapore River planning area: Planning report. The river-port’s waterways and quays were hubs of economic activity as flotillas of boats plied its waters, loading and unloading their goods for import or re-export. (1984). Singapore River planning area: Planning report. (1984). Legend has it that the Chinese immigrants set up home only on the south bank of the river, because to them, it resembled the concave belly of a carp. (1990). An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore: 1819–1867. The river divided Singapore into the “commercial” and “government” sectors. : RSING 779.93871095957 SIN)40. Within the small province of Singapore a rich history and a dynamic present exist side by side. Faces of Singapore Here’s a guide to Singapore’s diverse melting pot of cultures and races. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 30. Wong, T. (2008, March 29). Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. : RSING 959.57 HON-[HIS]); Jayapal, M. (1992). : RSING 779.93871095957 SIN)39. Plan of the Town of Singapore by Lieut Jackson [Map]. : RSING 959.57 SIN-[HIS]); Singapore. : RSING 711.4095957 SIN)27. It was split into nearly equal parts, which faced each other at … Perry wrote a review Oct 2020. : RSING 959.57 MIK-[HIS]); Turnbull, C. M. (1989). Berry, L. (1982). Clarke Quay: A stretch of godowns and warehouses converted for recreation and entertainment. Kaart met Singapore River (1825) Schepen op de rivier (circa 1900) De Singapore River (Nederlands: Singaporerivier of Singapore) is een rivier in Singapore. The Straits Times, p. 11. For instance, Tan Kah Kee established his company Kiam Aik at the junction of North Boat Quay and River Valley Road in 1904, and it dealt in rice and later rubber, until it closed down in 1934 due to the Great Depression.35River transport The economic importance of Singapore River increased when the reclamation of Telok Ayer Bay prevented junks from anchoring at its shoreline, thereby necessitating the use of the river as an alternative transportation route.36The river divided Singapore into the “commercial” and “government” sectors. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press, p. 49. Mall than meets the eye. A history of Singapore, 1819–1988. (Call no. The Singapore Free Press, p. 1. (1984). : RSING 959.57 BUC-[HIS])23. Yang, C. (2015, November 29). Alexandra Canal. If Raffles had unlikely that Raffles Place. The kings of 14th century Singapore. [citation needed]. Singapore’s river: A living legacy. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 29. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 5. Singapore: MPH Magazines, pp. Festivals. Hon, J. Retrieved from Factiva via NLB’s eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/58. An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore: 1819–1867. This bridge was demolished in 1927 and the current Elgin Bridge opened to traffic in 1929.49Other bridges that span the Singapore River include Coleman Bridge (1840),50 Kim Seng Bridge (1862),51 Cavenagh Bridge (1869),52 Read Bridge (1889),53 Anderson Bridge (1910),54 Clemenceau Bridge (1940),55 Esplanade Bridge (1997)56 and Jubilee Bridge (2015).57 Before the construction of the bridges, the public relied on ferries, which charged one duit per trip to cross the river.58Fort Fullerton Fort Fullerton was a small military post on the southern side of the river mouth. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.52. Old maps of the river state that it actually originates from Bukit Larangan (currently Fort Canning Hill). Port of Singapore Authority. Retrieved from JSTOR via NLB’s eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/15. It consists of Singapore Island and some 60 small islets. The Orang Gelam, one of the tribes of the orang laut, occupied the area around the mouth of the Singapore River, which was the site of the ancient port of Temasek.8 In 1811, Temenggong Abdul Rahman arrived from Riau with his followers and set up a village on the left bank of the river mouth, governing both the orang laut as well as the Malays.9 On 6 February 1819, the temenggong, together with Sultan Hussein Shah of Johor, signed the historic treaty with Raffles that allowed the British East India Company to establish a trading post on the island.10Before the arrival of the British, the Singapore River estuary had many large rocks, among which was one shaped like the sharp snout of a swordfish. : RSING 959.57 BER-[HIS]) 41. Drop anchor at this quay. (Ed.). Port of Singapore Authority. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: The Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, p. 164. : RSING 779.93871095957 SIN); Buckley, C. B. Singapore River (historical overview) 1. This stone was unearthed in 1819 during the reclamation of the swamps. (Call no. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 98. Sheppard, M. The Singapore River thematic zone: Sustainable tourism in an urban context. Our Way of Life Take a quick look at Singapore’s past and get to know our history, culture and people a little better. (1984). Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. On 26 November 2017, during a speech at the 60th anniversary of Berita Harian, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong urged Singaporeans not to pollute the river with litter and trash. 5. (1954, December 8). (1986). Turnbull, C. M. (1989). Old Singapore. The Dutch established a monopoly over trade within the archipelago, particularly in spices, then the region's most important product. (Call no. Retrieved from JSTOR via NLB’s eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/ 5. Jubilee Big Walk, flagged off by PM Lee, marks high point of SG50 celebrations. (Ed.). Singapore: Times Books International, p. 19. Sang Nila Utama later renamed it Singapura which means “Lion City”. (1984). Old Singapore. River taxis. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Malay Archipelago was gradually taken over by the European colonial powers, beginning with the arrival of the Portuguese at Malacca in 1509. Bridge to smoother traffic. Singapore. 23 September 1883, Singapore) was a wealthy Teochew merchant ... Kallang is bounded by the northeastern boundary of the Central Area, the Central Expressway, the Pan Island Expressway, ... Gambier, or pale catechu, is an astringent extract prepared from the leaves and stems of Uncaria gambir, a climber native ... Lee Cheng Yan, also known as Lee Cheng Yam, (b. The Singapore Strait is a waterway south of Singapore which links the Strait of Melaka to the South China Sea. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 2. In 1862, Thomson’s Bridge was replaced by an iron structure and named Elgin Bridge. History of Old Singapore Boat Quay. (1994). Oral History Department. Work began in 1819 immediately after the settlement was established, but it was completed only in 1858. These pieces of literature are unique blends of culture and identity. 2D1N Staycay @ M Social could b. Singapore River One presents Lucky at the Quays! Boat Quay itself was handling three quarters of the shipping service in the 1860s. : RSING 711.4095957 S); Abdullah Abdul Kadir. The building was refurbished and reopened as The Arts House, a venue for performing and visual arts, in 2004.64Riverside Point  A retail, entertainment and office project opposite Clarke Quay, launched in 1996.65Central MallA riverside mall situated above the Clarke Quay Mass Rapid Transit station. Singapore 150 years. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.46. The Port of Singapore, which provides services and facilities for ships to dock, load and unload goods, has always been ... Hoo Ah Kay (also known as Whampoa) (b. approx 1816, Whampoa, Guangdong, China–d. Urban Redevelopment Authority. (Call no. Lieutenant Philip Jackson (b. A history of Singapore, 1819–1988. The river still borders places where seamen and others, for example, near Raffles Landing Place, made offerings and burned their joss sticks. Singapore: National Museum, p. 13. 31 August 1816, Hattan Hall, Berwickshire, Scotland‒d. (Call no. Former records from Singapore show a simple wooden bridge over the river from 1819, which had no name, and is considered the first bridge in the city. This bridge was demolished in 1927 and the current Elgin Bridge opened to traffic in 1929. According to the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals), Sang Nila Utama (also known as Sri Tri Buana) landed at Kuala Temasek, the estuary of the Singapore River, where he encountered “a strange beast with a red body, a black head and a white breast, which he took to be a lion”.6 The orang laut (“men of the sea”), or sea gypsies, were the earliest known inhabitants in the area around the river mouth, and they lived in sampan which served as house-boats.7 There were about a thousand of them in 1819, the year Stamford Raffles founded modern Singapore. Archaeological research on the “Forbidden Hill” of Singapore: Excavations at Fort Canning. A history of Singapore, 1819–1988. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 20. (2004, September). : RSING 959.57 TUR-[HIS])4. (Call no. Fancy a stay at Four Points By Sheraton Singapore, Attention! : RSING 959.57 MIK-[HIS])9. 35. Savage, V. R., et al. Singapore is the largest port in Southeast Asia and one of the busiest in the world. Singapore: Oxford, pp. Early industries also played a part. In the 1930s, the areas nearer the upper reaches of the river became heavily industrialised. Hon, J. Law and government>>Safety administration>>Marine transportation (Call no. 32. An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore: 1819–1867. The orang laut regarded this rock with reverence and made offerings to it. A history of Singapore, 1819–1988. (Call no. 1943, Penang, Malaya –) is a writer and former teacher. Upside-down ‘cups’ on the roof. This estuary was also where, Based on the treaty between Raffles, the sultan and the temenggong, “all Chinese should move over to the other side of the river, forming a. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.48. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 9. A history of Singapore, 1819–1988. In ancient times, Singapore, then known ... Boat Quay, a river embankment on the south bank of the Singapore River, is one of the oldest and most historical areas ... Anderson Bridge straddles the mouth of the Singapore River and connects Empress Place with Collyer Quay. Jayapal, M. (1992). Singapore, Singapore 6 contributions 12 helpful votes. The Singapore River is about 2.95 km long, starting from Kim Seng Bridge to its mouth at the Esplanade, where it empties ... Singapore River communities were people living by or around the Singapore River. Turnbull, C. M. (1989). (1990). The Singapore Chronicle was the first newspaper in Singapore. Shophouses and warehouses flourished around the quays due to their proximity to trade during the colonial era, but presently house various bars, pubs and restaurants, as well as old shops. The Straits Times, p. 2. Singapore: National Museum, p. 34. Singapore: Its growth as an entrepot port,1819–1941. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 20. 16. : RSEA 959.5 ABD)21. Date of experience: December 2020. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 45. The Straits Times, p. 6. : RSING 779.93871095957 SIN)33. : RSING 959.57 HON-[HIS]); Wong, L. K. (1978, March). Singapore: Author, p. 4. Sungai Singapura tetap mengalir dan turut mengalami beberapa perubahan yang significant. Yang, C. (2015, November 29). Singapore. The planning area shares boundaries with the following - River Valley and Museum to the south, Tanglin and Bukit Merah to the west, Outram to the south and the Downtown Core to the east. (Call no. : RSING 959.57 BER-[HIS]); Sheppard, M. : RSING 959.57 JAY-[HIS]); Singapore. However, it was criticised for drawing enemy fire into the centre of town in the event of war. (1990). (Call no. : RSING 959.57 SON-[HIS])13. The Hikayat Abdullah (A. H. Hill, Trans.). Singapore Monitor, p. 33. Port of Singapore Authority. Lastly, here’s a shot of Clark Quay. Singapore: MPH Magazines, p. 11. The Singapore River thematic zone: Sustainable tourism in an urban context. Port of Singapore Authority. (Call no. (Call no. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 18. Historically, the city of Singapore initially grew around the port so the river mouth became the centre of trade, commerce and finance. Singapore River planning area: Planning report. Retrieved from  JSTOR via NLB’s eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/7. Singapore: Oxford, p. 31. Fort Fullerton was a small military post on the southern side of the river mouth. (1982). (2009). The first bridge to be built across Singapore River was Presentment Bridge, constructed in 1822. Port of Singapore Authority. These included the preparation of nipah leaves for cigarette wrappers, which led to a dense mass of waste leaf fragments, and gambier processing for the tanning and dyeing industries, which produced waste products. Old Singapore. The wooden footbridge was demolished and replaced with another wooden footbridge, Thomson’s Bridge, in 1844. Singapore: MPH Magazines, p. 11. Hon, J. Poems about Singapore can be easily identified from the mention of state icons, symbols, landscapes, food, culture, and even language. (2004, September). (Call no. An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore: 1819–1867. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 20. At the very moment of landing, Raffles must have realised the importance of the river for, in the same year of 1819, the north bank was drained for government buildings, in 1820, the Master Attendant was appointed with an office building to control shipping, and in 1822, the south bank was reclaimed and a retaining wall and steps were built. (Call no. The earliest known drawing of Singapore from 1823, with Fort Canning Hill in the background, known simply as "The Hill" in the early years. Retrieved from NewspaperSG;64. : RSING 959.57 TUR-[HIS])30. In his 1822 master Town ... Ellenborough Market, market and trading centre in Ellenborough Street by the Singapore River, located in the Central ... Gambling activities, also known as gaming, in colonial Singapore attracted different opinions from the colonial administrators. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.56. Singapore. However, there was a reluctance on the part of the merchants to move businesses from Boat Quay until the advent of steamships, which required deeper water and were powered by coal. Singapore. Port of Singapore Authority. The Singapore River is located within the island’s Central Region.1 The 3.2-kilometre-long waterway – from its mouth to Kim Seng Bridge – has been the lifeline of Singapore for almost 200 years.2 Proof of its ancient beginnings lies in the Singapore Stone, which was discovered at the river mouth in 1819 with undecipherable inscriptions.3 Singapore’s rapid development in its early years was due largely to its strategic location and establishment as an entrepôt port.4 The port of Singapore traces its origins to the lower reaches of the Singapore River, where it developed and flourished for the first 40 years of the settlement’s history. The sources of water pollution into the Singapore River and Kallang Basin included waste from pig and duck farms, unsewered premises, street hawkers and vegetable whole sellers. Singapore River- Through the eyes of Sir Stamford Raffles (SJI HISTORY PROJECT) Watch later. Singapore: Author, p. 4. 27 March 1880, Singapore) was a prominent ... Tan Che Sang (b.1763, Fujian, China–d. Singapore: Portrait of a port: A pictorial history of the port and harbour of Singapore 1819–1984. The “ Clean Rivers Campaign ” of 1983 saw the relocation of bumboats to Pasir Panjang. Buckley, C. B. 7 February 1819, Scotland–d. (2016, June 30). The immediate upper watershed of the Singapore River is known as the Singapore River Planning Area, although the western part of the watershed is classified under River Valley planning area. Rivers--Singapore Before ... John Crawfurd (b. The Singapore River thematic zone: Sustainable tourism in an urban context. 34. It was opened in 2007.66AuthorsVernon Cornelius-Takahama & Damien WangReferences1. In 1843, it was blown into fragments by Acting Settlement Engineer, Captain D. H. Stevenson,47 to make way for the quarters of the commander of Fort Fullerton.48BridgesThe first bridge to be built across Singapore River was Presentment Bridge, constructed in 1822. These included the preparation of nipah leaves for cigarette wrappers, which led to a dense mass of waste leaf fragments, and. (1984). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 20(2 (142)), 117–127, pp. : RSING 959.57 TUR-HIS))11. (Call no. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 123. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}1°17′15″N 103°51′11″E / 1.28750°N 103.85306°E / 1.28750; 103.85306, Singapore River flowing through Singapore's central business district, Early 19th century map of the Singapore River basin, "5 interesting facts about the Singapore River clean-up", http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/river-cleanup-is-never-done-singaporeans-must-still-learn-not-to-litter-pm-lee-hsien-loong, "PUB annual report: Birth of the barrage", "Sir Stamford Raffles statue and other sculptures along Singapore River to be cleaned next week", "Sculptures by the Singapore River get a spruce up", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_River&oldid=1014401350, Articles containing undetermined-language text, Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, From Chettiars to Financiers, made by Chern Lian Shan, This page was last edited on 26 March 2021, at 21:16. Some 750 lighters plied along the Singapore River and Kallang Basin in 1977. Singapore: Author, p. 7. (Call no. : RSING 959.57 SIN-[HIS])32. Singapore. Boat Quay: A vibrant dining and entertainment venue today. Singapore: Oxford, p. 31. After the river clean-up campaign in the 1980s, the stone-walled banks of the river were repaired, new buildings including hotels were constructed, and old-time riverine and quayside businesses gave way to al fresco dining, live music entertainment and disco dancing. Singapore: Portrait of a port: A pictorial history of the port and harbour of Singapore 1819–1984. History of Singapore . Singapore: MPH Magazines, p. 11. (1990). The fortune of this small fishing village and settlement changed when Sir Stamford Raffles landed along the banks on 28 January 1819. Learn more about Singapore in … Song, O. S. (1984). No doubt you’ve realised that all the shophouses are concentrated on just one Embankment of Boat Quay. (n.d.). (Call no. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 74. Singapore River Mouth Inscribed Sandstone When the British arrived in Singapore in 1819, they found relics dating back to the 14th century. The river’s calm waters served as the harbour for the growing settlement.19Farquhar had proposed that Kampong Gelam (today’s Kampong Glam) be developed as the business quarter, but was vetoed by Raffles who wanted the business quarter to be located on the near side of the Singapore River in spite of its swampy land, the lack of arable water and the costs involved in land reclamation. I wonder if they had drunks buying their alcohol from 7-11 and making the bridge their own personal club back in the day. Sago production on the banks of the Singapore River led to huge amounts of waste water being discharged into the river as the pith of the sago palm had to be washed repeatedly. The Hikayat Abdullah (A. H. Hill, Trans.). Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 45. (Call no. (1984). (Call no. Singapore: Portrait of a port: A pictorial history of the port and harbour of Singapore 1819–1984. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 13. Abdullah Abdul Kadir. (1986). Singapore. Singapore lifeline: The river and its people. The story of Singapore River Cruise begins in 1987. As a result, wharfs were built at the New Harbour to ease shipping demands.34 Trade growth gradually extended upstream, and by the late 1890s, there were godowns, rice mills, sawmills, Chinese-owned boat yards, and an assortment of other trades along the river. (2016, June 30). Turnbull, C. M. (1989). The Strait Times, p. 49. It was during this time that the Singapore Stone was unearthed by Chinese workers.21 Upon his return to Singapore in October 1822, Raffles found that several European merchants had built houses along the river on the Esplanade side in the space he had reserved for public purposes. (1990). A small hill near Tanjong Singapura in Lorong Tambangan (today’s Raffles Place) was then broken up and the earth used for the reclamation.20 This was completed within three or four months. : RSING 959.57 SIN-[HIS]); Turnbull, C. M. (1989). (Call no. Singapore River – History, Tourism and Water Resource. Singpapore. (1982). The Singapore River and Kallang Basin catchments made up about 30 percent of Singapore’s land area. Singapore: Portrait of a port: A pictorial history of the port and harbour of Singapore 1819–1984. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 8. This estuary was also where William Farquhar, the first British Resident of Singapore, and his men found many skulls which had belonged to victims of pirates.11Based on the treaty between Raffles, the sultan and the temenggong, “all Chinese should move over to the other side of the river, forming a kampong from the site of the large bridge (conjectured to be present-day Elgin Bridge) down the river towards the mouth; and all Malays, people belonging to the temenggong and others should also remove to the other side of the river, forming their kampong from the site of the large bridge up the river towards the source”. The Singapore River thematic zone: Sustainable tourism in an urban context. (Call no. Despite the lack of natural resources and production facilities, Singapore’s exports –  such as silk, porcelain, tea and rice from China; spices, coffee and gold dust from the Celebes; pepper, ironware, guns, cotton and textiles from other parts of Asia. Here are some facts about the 3.2-kilometre river that you may not be aware of. Singapore: Author, p. 7. Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. [2] At the same time, it brought in water pollution caused by the disposal of garbage, sewage and other by-products of industries located along the river's banks. The dispersal of the sea gypsies from the river appears to have been the result of official pressure, as they had become a nuisance when river traffic increased. : RSING 959.57 HON-[HIS])44. Miksic, J. N. (1984). Walk by the river! 1879) was an officer in the Bengal Regiment Artillery, ... Flint Street stretches from Battery Road to Boat Quay and is flanked on each side by the Bank of China building and ... Joan Hon (b. (1984). Retrieved from NewspaperSG; Singapore Dragon Boat Association. Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. 38—39. (Call no. : RSING 779.995957 SIN)29. (1986). : RSING 779.995957 SIN)36. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.The information in this article is valid as at 2016 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. Singapore’s river: A living legacy. Port of Singapore Authority. Singapore: National Museum, p. 34. Between 1819, when the first wooden jetty and the first bridge were built over the Singapore River in Singapore, and in 2015, 14 bridges were built across the river (or 17, although Marina Reservoir, where the estuary is now located, is considered a Singapore River). Singapore. From stately to arty. Went with my kid to Clarke quay for the Singapore River festival and we really enjoyed the kites show and Street performance by Annoying Brothers. Singapore: Oxford University Press, p. 45. Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. Hon, J. (Call no. daripada sebuah kampung nelayan, kepada pusat pentadbiran british kepada pusat perdangan utama asia tenggara. Singapore: Landmark Books, pp. (Call no. Built in 1862, the bridge was ... Read Bridge is a beam structured bridge that straddles the central part of the Singapore River. The dispersal of the sea gypsies from the river appears to have been the result of official pressure, as they had become a nuisance when river traffic increased.13DescriptionFondly referred to as “The River”, the Singapore River spans 3.2 km from the sea to its upper reaches at Kim Seng Road.14 Singapore River, as well as the Kallang, Whampoa, Rochor and Geylang rivers, are collectively known as the Kallang Basin, which forms almost a third of Singapore’s drainage catchment.15Boat Quay was the first to have offices, warehouses, godowns and jetties built along its banks in 1823. Retrieved June 12, 2017 from PUB website: https://www.pub.gov.sg/abcwaters/explore/alexandracanal17. (1990). For more than a decade and a half, bumboats have been plying the Singapore River. River Connections 4–5 Nov 2016. The Singapore Institution Library grew from a vision, by Sir Stamford Raffles, for an educated Singapore. Humans settled the islands that now form Singapore at least as early as the 2nd century CE, but little is known about the early history of the area. The Business Times, p. 2. Tidal fortunes: A story of change: The Singapore River and Kallang Basin. For those of us who are interested in bars, clubs and parties, Singapore has a lot to offer too.. Of course, the first place the young people will tell you is : Clarke Quay! (1997, July 31). Singapore. Hon, J. Trade on the Singapore River was dominated by the Hokkien and Teochew Chinese communities. This text should be of interest to anyone wishing to understand Singapore's numerous transformations. Hon, J. (1952, August 30). The fort was demolished in 1865 and an observatory was built over the site in 1893.59Merlion Singapore’s tourism symbol, the Merlion, is situated at the mouth of the Singapore River. (2009). : RSING 959.57 HON-[HIS])54. (1984). Some parts of this area include quays such as Clarke Quay, Boat Quay and Robertson Quay, which generated trade and extensive demand for services with the boats that landed at the quays. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.65. 11–12. (1986). Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic. Singapore lifeline: The river and its people. Parliament House The Old Parliament House building at Empress Place was constructed in 1827 by G. D. Coleman as the private residence of merchant John Argyle Maxwell. Esplanade Bridge, History, Width, Length, Type & Design, Singapore River. Top Singapore River History Museums: See reviews and photos of History Museums in Singapore River, Singapore on Tripadvisor. New Nation, p. 3. The Straits Times, p. 64; Yip, M. (2007, January 26). (1984). 30. : RSEA 959.5 ABD.IN)20.